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Fysisk aktivitet og forebygging av hjerte- og karsykdom

Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
  1. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Erqou S, Kaptoge S, et al. Lipoprotein(a) concentration and the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonvascular mortality. JAMA 2009; 302:412. Journal of the American Medical Association  
  2. Helsedirektoratet. Nasjonale råd om fysisk aktivitet i forebygging og behandling. Sist oppdatert 09 mai, 2022. www.helsedirektoratet.no  
  3. Sattelmair J, Pertman J, Ding EL, Kohl HW III, Haskell W, Lee IM. Dose response between physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Circulation. 2011;124(7):789–795.
  4. Zhao G, Li C, Ford ES, et al. Leisure-time aerobic physical activity, muscle-strengthening activity and mortality risks among US adults: the NHANES linked mortality study. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(3):244–249.
  5. Salehi-Abargouei A, et al. Effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet on fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular diseases—incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis on observational prospective studies. Nutrition. 2013;29(4):611–618.
  6. Sofi F, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A. Accruing evidence on benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(5):1189–1196.
  7. de Lorgeril M, Salen P. Mediterranean diet and n-3 fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2007;8(suppl 1):S38–S41.
  8. Mozaffarian D, Micha R, Wallace S. Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS Med. 2010;7(3):e1000252.
  9. Adler AJ, Taylor F, Martin N, Gottlieb S, Taylor RS, Ebrahim S. Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(12):CD009217. Cochrane (DOI)  
  10. Åkesson A, Larsson SC, Discacciati A, Wolk A. Low-risk diet and lifestyle habits in the primary prevention of myocardial infarction in men: a population-based prospective cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(13):1299–1306.
  11. Ebrahim S, et al. Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(1):CD001561. Cochrane (DOI)  
  12. Saklayen MG. The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018 Feb 26;20(2):12. PMID: 29480368 PubMed  
  13. Stene LC, Ruiz PL-D, Åsvold BO, et al. Hvor mange har diabetes i Norge i 2020?. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2020. tidsskriftet.no  
  14. Helsedirektoratet. Nasjonale faglig retningslinje for diabetes. Oslo; Helsedirektoratet 2016. Sist oppdatert 16.03.2021. www.helsedirektoratet.no  
  15. Lee DC, Sui X, Artero EG, et al. Long-term effects of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Circulation 2011; 124:2483. Circulation  
  16. Barlow CE, Defina LF, Radford NB, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and long-term survival in "low-risk" adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e001354.
  17. Stewart RAH, Held C, Hadziosmanovic N, et al. Physical Activity and Mortality in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(14):1689-1700. PubMed  
  18. Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2009; 301:2024. Journal of the American Medical Association  
  19. Tessler J, Bordoni B. Cardiac Rehabilitation. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; May 23, 2022. PMID: 30725881 PubMed  
  20. Braun LT, Rosenson RS. Effects of exercise on lipoproteins and hemostatic factors. UpToDate, last updated Jun 21, 2021. UpToDate  
  21. Cornelissen VA, Smart NA. Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(1):e004473. Published 2013 Feb 1. PMID: 23525435. PubMed  
  22. Pedralli ML, Marschner RA, Kollet DP, et al. Different exercise training modalities produce similar endothelial function improvements in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension: a randomized clinical trial Exercise, endothelium and blood pressure published correction appears in Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 24;10(1):10564. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):7628. Published 2020 May 6.
  23. Dahabreh IJ, Paulus JK. Association of episodic physical and sexual activity with triggering of acute cardiac events: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2011; 305:1225. PubMed  
  24. McCollock DK. Effects of exercise in adults with diabetes mellitus. UpToDate, last updated Feb 04, 2015. UpToDate  
  25. Peterson DM. The benefits and risks of aerobic exercise. UpToDate, last updated May 06, 2019. UpToDate  
  • Terje Johannessen, professor i allmennmedisin, Trondheim