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Hjerneslag

Norsk Elektronisk Legehåndbok

Root

Indredavik B. Embolier som årsak til hjerneslag. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2001; 121: 2142.

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Folkehelseinstituttet. Hjerte- og karregisteret. Forekomst av hjerte- og karsykdom i 2020. Siden lest 28.10.2021

Rafay MF, Pontigon A-M, Chiang J, et al. Delay to diagnosis in acute pediatric arterial ischemic stroke. Stroke 2009; 40: 58-64.

Wyller TB, Bautz-Holter E, Holmen J. Prevalence of stroke and stroke-related disability in North Trøndelag county, Norway. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4: 421-427.

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The GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators. Global, Regional, and Country-Specific Lifetime Risks of Stroke, 1990 and 2016. N Engl J Med 2018; 379: 2429-37. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1804492

--&gt; https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2019/dodsfall-etter-hjerteinfarkt-og-hjerneslag-er-dramatisk-redusert-siste-ti-a/

Folkehelseinstituttet. Dødsfall etter hjerteinfarkt og hjerneslag er dramatisk redusert. Dødsårsaksregisteret. Publisert 04.12.2019

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Gladstone DJ, Spring M, Dorian P, et al. Atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370: 2467-77. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1311376

Connolly ES Jr, Rabinstein AA, Carhuapoma JR, et al.; American Heart Assoication Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Couincil on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Clinical Cardiology. Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2012;43(6):1711–1737.

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Helsedirektoratet. Nasjonal faglig retningslinje for behandling og rehabilitering ved hjerneslag. Oslo, Helsedirektoratet. Sist oppdatert 27.04.2020.

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O'Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case control study. Lancet 2010; 376: 112-23.

Journal of the American Medical Association

Pan A, Sun Q, Okereke OI, et al. Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. JAMA 2011; 306: 1241-9.

Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Broderick JP et al. Phenylpropanolamine and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1826-32.

Schmidt M, Hováth-Puhó E, Christiansen CF, et al. Preadmission use of non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and 30-day stroke mortality. Neurology 2014; 83: 2013-22. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001024

Cleary P, Shorvon S, Tallis R. Late-onset seizures as a predictor of subsequent stroke. Lancet 2004; 363: 1184-6.

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Demel SL, Kittner S, Ley SH, et al. Stroke Risk Factors Unique to Women. Stroke 2018; 49: 518-23. pmid:29438077

Lidegaard Ø, Løkkegaard E, Jensen A, Skovlund CW, Keiding N. Thrombotic stroke and myocardial infarction with hormonal contraception. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 2257-66.

Smeeth L, Thomas SL, Hall AJ et al. Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke after acute infection and vaccination. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 2611-8.

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Minassian C, D'Aiuto F, Hingorani AD, Smeeth L. Invasive dental treatment and risk for vascular events: a self-controlled case series. Ann Intern Med 2010; 153: 499-506.

Strazzulo P, D'Elia L, Kandala N-B, Cappuccio FP. Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ 2009; 339: b4567.

Haynes MJ, Vincent K, Fischhoff C, et al. Assessing the risk of stroke from neck manipulation: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pract 2012; 66: 940-7.

Kerkhoff G. Neurovisual rehabilitation: recent developments and future directions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 68: 691-706.

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Kiyohara T, Kamouchi M, Kumai Y, et al. ABCD3 and ABCD3-I scores are superior to ABCD2 score in the prediction of short- and long-term risks of stroke after transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2014; 45: 418-25. pmid:24335223

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Perry JJ, Sivilotti MLA, Émond M, et al. CCBYNC Open access Research Prospective validation of Canadian TIA Score and comparison with ABCD2 and ABCD2i for subsequent stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack: multicentre prospective cohort study. BMJ 2021; 372: n49. pmid:33541890

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Stroke Unit Trialists' Collaboration.Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Sep 11;9:CD000197. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000197.pub3.

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Prabhakaran S, Ruff I, Bernstein RA. Acute stroke intervention: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015; 313:1451-62. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.3058

Wardlaw JM, Murray V, Berge E, et al.Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 ;7:CD000213. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000213.pub3.

--&gt; http://www.kunnskapssenteret.no/publikasjoner/effekt-av-trombolytisk-behandling-i-intervallet-3-til-4-5-timer-etter-hjerneslag

Smedslund G, Myrhaug HT, Hov L, Kirkehei I. Effekt av trombolytisk behandling i intervallet 3 til 4,5 timer etter hjerneslag. Rapport fra Folkehelseinstituttet – 2016. ISBN 978-82-8082-746-3

Lees KR, Bluhmki E, von Kummer R, et al. Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: an updated pooled analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS, and EPITHET trials. Lancet 2010; 375: 1695-703.

Ahmed N, Wahlgren N, Grond M, et al. Implementation and outcome of thrombolysis with alteplase 3-4,5 h after an acute stroke: an updated analysis from SITS-ISTR. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 866-74.

Strbian D, Ringleb P, Michel P, et al. Ultra-early intravenous stroke thrombolysis. Stroke 2013. doi: 10.1161/​STROKEAHA.111.000819

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The IST-3 collaborative group. The benefits and harms of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 6 h of acute ischaemic stroke (the third international stroke trial (IST-3)): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012; 379: 2352-63.

Berkhemer OA, Fransen PSS, van den Berg LA, et al. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2014. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1411587

Powers WJ, Derdeyn CP, Biller J, et al. 2015 AHA/ASA focused update of the 2013 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke regarding endovascular treatment. Stroke 2015. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000074

Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, et al for the ESCAPE Trial Investigators. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1414905

Campbell BCV, MitchellPJ, Kleinig TJ, et al for the EXTEND-IA Investigators. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med 2015. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1414792

Saver J, Goyal M, Bonafe A, et al for the SWUFT PRIME Investigators. Primary results. Nashville, february 2015.

Jovin TG, Chamorro A, Cobo E, et al. Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015. doi:DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1503780

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Albers GW, Marks MP, Kemp S, et al. Thrombectomy for Stroke at 6 to 16 Hours with Selection by Perfusion Imaging. New Engl J Med 2018. pmid:29364767

--&gt; https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10071

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management—draft for consultation. Nov 2018.

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Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC, et al. Thrombectomy 6 to 24 Hours after Stroke with a Mismatch between Deficit and Infarct. N Engl J Med 2018; 378: 11-21. pmid:29129157

Liu N, Cadilhac DA, Andrew NE, et al. Randomized controlled trial of early rehabilitation after intracerebral hemorrhage stroke: difference in outcomes within 6 months of stroke. Stroke. 2014 Dec;45(12):3502-7.

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Legg LA, Drummond AE, Langhorne P. Occupational therapy for patients with problems in activities of daily living after stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006: 4: CD003585. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003585.pub2.

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Næss H, Waje-Andreassen U, Thomassen L. Overvåking ved akutt hjerneinfarkt. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2006; 126: 444-6.

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Ryu W-S, Schellingerhout D, Hong K-S, et al. Relation of Pre-Stroke Aspirin Use With Cerebral Infarct Volume and Functional Outcomes. Ann Neurol 2021; 90: 763-76. pmid:34536234

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Olesen JB, Lip GYH, Hansen ML, et al. Validation of risk stratification schemes for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study . BMJ 2011; 342: d124.

Hobbs FD, Roalfe AK, Lip GY, et al. Performance of stroke risk scores in older people with atrial fibrillation not taking warfarin: comparative cohort study from BAFTA trial. BMJ 2011; 342: d3653.

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Diener HC, Sacco RL, Easton JD, et al. Dabigatran for Prevention of Stroke after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. N Engl J Med. 2019 May 16;380(20):1906-1917. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1813959

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Hart RG, Sharma M, Mundl H, et al. Rivaroxaban for Stroke Prevention after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. N Engl J Med 2018; 378: 2191-201. pmid:29766772

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