Akutt hjerteinfarkt - en oversikt

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Hjerteinfarkt. Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor.

1. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2018; 39: 119-77. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393 DOI 
2. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Eur Heart J 2019; 40: 237-69. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy462 DOI 
3. Reynolds HR, Maehara A, Kwong RY, et al. Coronary optical coherence tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to determine underlying causes of MINOCA in women. Circulation 2020. PMID: 33191769 PubMed 
4. Folkehelseinstituttet. Forekomst av hjerte- og karsykdom i 2021. Hjerte- og karregisteret. www.fhi.no 
5. Albrektsen G, Heuch I, Løchen M-L, et al. Lifelong gender gap in risk of incident myocardial infarction. The Tromsø Study. JAMA Intern Med 2016; 176: 1673-9. pmid:27617629 PubMed 
6. van Rosendael AR, van den Hoogen IJ, Gianni U, et al. Association of Statin Treatment With Progression of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition. JAMA Cardiol 2021. pmid:34406326 PubMed 
7. Singh T, Chapman AR, Dweck MR, et al. MINOCA: a heterogenous group of conditions associated with myocardial damage. Heart 2021; 107: 1458-64. pmid:33568434 PubMed 
8. Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Maki M, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women. A meta-analysis. JAMA 2009; 301: 2024 - 35. Journal of the American Medical Association 
9. Anderssen SA, Hjermann I. Fysisk aktivitet - en sentral faktor i forebyggingen av hjerte- og karsykdom. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2000; 120: 3168-72. PubMed 
10. Murabito JM, Pencina MJ, Nam BH, et al. Sibling cardiovascular disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults. JAMA. 2005; 294: 3117-23. PubMed 
11. Gotto AM jr., LaRosa JC, Hunninghake D, Grundy SM, Wilson PW, Clarkson TB et al. The cholesterol facts. A summary of the evidence relating dietary fats, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease. A joint statement by the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Circulation 1990; 81: 1721-33. Circulation 
12. Liu C, Dhindsa D, Almuwaqqat Z, et al. Association Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-risk Populations. JAMA Cardiol 2022. pmid:35583863 PubMed 
13. Raitakari O, Kartiosuo N, Pahkala K, et al. Lipoprotein(a) in Youth and Prediction of Major Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adulthood. Circulation. 2023;147(1):23-31. PubMed 
14. Kessous R, Shoham-Vardi I, Pariente G, et al. Long-term maternal atherosclerotic morbidity in women with pre-eclampsia. Heart 2014. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306571 DOI 
15. Fowler G. Tobacco and cardiovascular disease: achieving smoking cessation . I: Yusuf S, red. Evidence based cardiology. London: BMJ Books, 1998: 179-90.
16. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004; 364: 937-52. PubMed 
17. Dean YE, Shebl MA, Rouzan SS, et al. Association between insomnia and the incidence of myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol 2023. pmid:36841256 PubMed 
18. Lakka H-M, Lakka TA, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT. Abdominal obesity is associated with increased risk of acute coronar events in men. Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 706-13. PubMed 
19. Bogers RP, Bemelmans WJ, Hoogenveen RT, et al. Association of overweight with increased risk of coronary heart disease partly independent of blood pressure and cholesterol levels: A meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies including more than 300 000 persons. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 1720-8. PubMed 
20. Hsia J, Larson JC, Ockene JK, et al. Resting heart rate as a low tech predictor of coroanary events in women: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2009; 338: b219. BMJ (DOI) 
21. Schjerning Olsen A, Fosbøl L, Lindhardsen J, et al. Long-term cardiovascular risk of NSAID use according to time passed after first-time myocardial infarction. A nationwide cohort study. Circulation 2012. doi:10.1161/​CIRCULATIONAHA.112.112607
22. Lindhardsen J, Ahlehoff O, Gislason GH, et al. The risk of myocardial infarction in rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70: 929-934. PubMed 
23. Mehta NN, Yu Y, Pinnelas R, et al. Attributable risk estimate of severe psoriasis on major cardiovascular events. Am J Med 2011; 124: 775. PubMed 
24. Ruidavets J-B, Ducimetiére P, Evans A, et al. Patterns of alcohol consumption and ischaemic heart disease in culturally divergent countries: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardaial Infarction (PRIME). BMJ 2010; 341: c6077. BMJ (DOI) 
25. Biddinger KJ, Emdin CA, Haas ME, et al. Association of Habitual Alcohol Intake With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5: e223849. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3849 DOI 
26. Kwong JC, Schwartz KL, Campitelli MA, et al. Acute myocardial infarction after laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. N Engl J Med 2018; 378: 345-53. pmid:29365305 PubMed 
27. Frøbert O, Götberg M, Erlinge D, et al. Influenza Vaccination after Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial. Circulation 2021. pmid:34459211 PubMed 
28. Collet J-P , Thiele H , Barbato E , et al . 2020 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2020:ehaa575. PMID: 32860058 PubMed 
29. Lichtman JH, Leifheit EC, Safdar B, et al. Sex differences in the presentation and perception of symptoms among young patients with myocardial infarction: Evidence from the VIRGO study (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients. Circulation 2018; 137: 781. pmid:29459463 PubMed 
30. Kumar A, Sanghera A. Sanghera B, et al. Chest pain symptoms during myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2023. pmid:37080764 PubMed 
31. Ammann P, Pfisterer M, Fehr T, Rickli H. Raised cardiac troponins. BMJ 2004; 328: 1028-9. PubMed 
32. Farhat-Sabet A, Snith A, Atwood JE, Pickett C. Localising culprit artery in inferior STEMI . Open Heart 2023; 10: e002093. pmid:36707129 PubMed 
33. Bischof JE, Worrall C, Thompson P, et al. ST depression in lead aVL differentiates inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction from pericarditis. Am J Emerg Med 2016. PMID: 26542793 PubMed 
34. Zhang C, Li T, Chen X. Acute Myocardial Infarction or Not? JAMA Intern Med. Published online April 18, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.0519 DOI 
35. Morrison LJ, et al. Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 2000; 283: 2686-92. Journal of the American Medical Association 
36. Jortveit J, Pripp AH, Halvorsen S. Outcomes after delayed primary percutaneous coronary intervention vs. pharmaco-invasive strategy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Norway. Eur Heart J 2021. pmid:34038535 PubMed 
37. Sanchis J, Bueno H, Miñana G, et al. Effect of Routine Invasive vs Conservative Strategy in Older Adults With Frailty and Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2023. pmid:36877502 PubMed 
38. Bøhmer E, Hoffmann P, Abdelnoor M, et al. Efficacy and safety of immediate angioplasty versus ischemia-guided management after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction in areas with very long transfers. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; : PMID:19747792. PubMed 
39. Siemieniuk RAC, Chu DK, Kim LH, et al. Oxygen therapy for acutely ill medical patients: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ 2018; 363: k4169. pmid:30355567 PubMed 
40. Sepehrvand N, James SK, Stub D, et al. Effects of supplemental oxygen therapy in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Heart 2018. pmid:29599378 PubMed 
41. Cabello JB, Burls A, Emparanza JI, Bayliss SE, Quinn T. Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD007160. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007160.pub4. DOI 
42. Grønvold T, Evang JA, Stensæth KH. En 51 år gammel kvinne med akutte brystsmerter. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2008; 128: 2836-8. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 
43. Hole T, Juvkam PC, Lied A. Primærlegebasert prehospital trombolytisk behandling ved akutt hjarteinfarkt. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2005; 125: 1486-8. PubMed 
44. Choo EH, Chang K, Ahn Y, et al. Benefit of β-blocker treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction and preserved systolic function after percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart 2013. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2013-305137 DOI 
45. Ishak D, Aktaa S, Lindhagen L, et al. Association of beta-blockers beyond 1 year after myocardial infarction and cardiovascular outcomes. Heart 2023. pmid:37130746 PubMed 
46. Reikvam Å, Madsen S. Hvordan skal ACE-hemmere brukes ved hjerteinfarkt? Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2000; 120: 3413-7. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 
47. Pitt B, White H, Nicolau J, et al. Eplerenone reduces mortality 30 days after randomization following acute myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 425-31. PubMed 
48. Ezekowitz JA, McAlister FA. Aldosteron blockade and left ventricular dysfunction: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Eur Heart J 2009; 30: 469-77. European Heart Journal 
49. Bøtker HE, Kharbanda R, Schmidt MR, et al. Remote ischemic conditioning before hospital admission, as a complement to angioplasty, and effect on myocardial salvage in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a randomised trial. Lancet 2010; 375: 727-34. PubMed 
50. Pryds K, Terkelsen CJ, Sloth AD, et al. Remote ischaemic conditioning and healthcare system delay in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Heart 2016. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308980 DOI 
51. Hausenloy DJ, Kharbanda RK, Møller UK, et al. Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI): a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2019. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32039-2 DOI 
52. Fernández-Bergés D, Degano IR, Fernandez RG, et al. Benefit of primary percutaneous coronary interventions in the elderly with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Open Heart 2020. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2019-001169 DOI 
53. Hochman JS, Lamas GA, Buller CE, et al. Coronary intervention for persistent occlusion after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2395-2407. New England Journal of Medicine 
54. Vik-Mo H. Warfarin saman med blodplatehemming. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2011; 131: 252-3. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 
55. O'Donoghue ML, Murphy SA, Sabatine MS. The safety and efficacy of aspirin discontinuation on a background of a P2Y12 inhibitor in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation 2020 Jun 19; doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046251 DOI 
56. Yin SH, Xu P, Wang B, et al. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ 2019; 365: l2222. pmid:31253632 PubMed 
57. Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2022; 145: e4-e17. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001039Circulation. 2022;145:e4–e17
58. Hohnloser SH, Kuck KH, Dorian P, et al. Prophylactic use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 2481-88. New England Journal of Medicine 
59. Udell JA, Zawi R, Bhatt DL, et al. Association between influenza vaccination and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2013 Oct 23;310(16):1711-20. PubMed 
60. Rizos EC, Ntzani E, Bika E, et al. Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events. JAMA 2012; 308: 1024-33. Journal of the American Medical Association 
61. Chowdhury R, Warnakula S, Kunutsor S, et al. Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: A systematic . Ann Intern Med 2014; 160: 398-406. doi:10.7326/M13-1788 DOI 
62. Sesso HD, Christen WG, Bubes V, et al. Multivitamins in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Men: The Physicians` Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 2012 Nov 7; 308(17): 1751-60. PubMed 
63. Jenkins DJA, Spence JD, Giovannucci EL, et al. Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for CVD Prevention and Treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Jun 5;71(22):2570-2584. PMID: 29852980. PubMed 
64. Rhee T-M, Bae J-W, Park KW, et al. Aspirin vs Clopidogrel for Long-term Maintenance After Coronary Stenting in Patients With Diabetes A Post Hoc Analysis of the HOST-EXAM Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2023. pmid:37043192 PubMed 
65. Räber L, Ueki Y, Otsuka T, et al. Effect of Alirocumab Added to High-Intensity Statin Therapy on Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction The PACMAN-AMI Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2022; 327: 1771-81. pmid:35368058 PubMed 
66. Kim J, Kang D, Park H, et al. Long-term β-blocker therapy and clinical outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure: nationwide cohort study. Eur Heart J 2020; 41: 3521. pmid:32542362 PubMed 
67. Solomon SD, Zelenkofske S, McMurray JJ, et al, for the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT) Investigators. Sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, or both. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2581-8. New England Journal of Medicine 
68. BMJ News. NICE endorses new drug to prevent myocardial infarctions and strokes. BMJ 2022; 377: o1444. doi:10.1136/bmj.o1444 DOI 
69. Gaba P, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, et al. Prevention of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality With Icosapent Ethyl in Patients With Prior Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79: 1660-71. pmid:35483753 PubMed 
70. Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, et al. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2017. pmid:28304224 PubMed 
71. Lichtman JH, Bigger JT, Blumenthal JA et al. Depression and coronary heart disease. Circulation 2008; 118: .
72. Frobert O, Gotberg M, Erlinge D, et al. Influenza Vaccination After Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial. Circulation. 2021. PMID: 34459211 PubMed 
73. Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, et al. Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease. N Engl J Med 2017. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1707914 DOI 
74. Tardif JC, Kouz S, Waters DD, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Colchicine after Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2019. PMID: 31733140 PubMed 
75. Cucherat M, Bonnefoy E, Tremeau G. Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. Oxford: The Cochrane Library, issue 2, 2002. The Cochrane Library 
76. Anderson L, Thompson DR, Oldridge N, Zwisler AD, Rees K, Martin N, Taylor RS. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001800. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001800.pub3 DOI 
77. Campell NC, Thain J, Deans HG et al. Secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease: randomised trial of effect on health. BMJ 1998; 316: 1434-7. British Medical Journal 
78. Murchie P, Campbell NC, Ritchie LD et al. Secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease: four year follow up of a randomised controlled trial in primary care. BMJ 2003; 326: 84-9. British Medical Journal 
79. Dalal HM, Zawada A, Jolly K, Moxham T, Taylor RS. Home based versus centre based cardiac rehabilitation: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2010; 340: b5631. BMJ (DOI) 
80. Folkehelseinstituttet. Dødsfall etter hjerteinfarkt og hjerneslag er dramatisk redusert. Dødsårsaksregisteret. Publisert 04.12.2019 www.fhi.no 
81. Folkehelseinstituttet. Kvalitet i helsetjenesten. 30 dagers overlevelse og reinnleggelse etter sykehusinnleggelse. Resultater for 2019. FHI 2020. www.fhi.no 
82. Jortveit J, Govatsmark RES, Digre TA, et al. Hjerteinfarkt i Norge 2013. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2014; 134: 1841-6. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 
83. Helsedirektoratet. Nasjonal faglig retningslinje for forebygging av hjerte- og karsykdom. Helsedirektoratet, 2017 www.helsedirektoratet.no 
84. Maffei E, Seitun S, Martini C, et al. CT coronary angiography and exercise ECG in a population with chest pain and low-to-intermediate pre-test likelihood of coronary artery disease. Heart 2010; 96: 1973-9 PubMed 
85. Guedeney P, Giustino G, Sorrentino S, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab and evolocumab: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J. 2019 Jul 3. pii: 5527995. PMID: 31270529 PubMed