Hopp til hovedinnhold
Ved ubehandlet hiv-infeksjon blir immunsystemet etter hvert skadet, og beskyttelsen mot infeksjoner og kreftsykdommer avtar.
Ved ubehandlet hiv-infeksjon blir immunsystemet etter hvert skadet, og beskyttelsen mot infeksjoner og kreftsykdommer avtar.

Opportunistiske infeksjoner og kreftsykdommer

Følger du et godt behandlingsopplegg med moderne hiv-medisiner er sjansen for opportunistiske sykdommer liten.

Sist revidert:

QR
Del pasientinformasjon

Den ligger åpent tilgjengelig på NHI.no sammen annen relevant informasjon

https://nhi.no/sykdommer/blod/hiv-og-aids/hiv-opportunistiske-infeksjoner/ 

Opportunistiske infeksjoner og kreftsykdommer

Vil du vite mer?

Kilder

Referanser

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Hiv-infeksjon og aids. Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor.

  1. Norsk forening for infeksjonsmedisin. Faglige retningslinjer for oppfølging og behandling av hiv 2022. www.legeforeningen.no 
  2. Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 853-60. New England Journal of Medicine 
  3. Huang L, Quartin A, Jones D, Havlir DV. Intensive care of patients with hiv infection. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 173-81. PubMed 
  4. European AIDS Clinical Society
  5. Folkehelseinstituttet. Mindre hiv, gonoré og syfilis under pandemien. Nyheter fra FHI 15.03.2022 www.fhi.no 
  6. WHO: Hiv/aids key facts. Sist oppdatert 09. november 2022. Nettsiden lest 10.01.23. www.who.int 
  7. Rosenberg NE, Shook-Sa BE, Liu M, et al. Adult HIV-1 incidence across 15 high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 2015 to 2019: a pooled analysis of nationally representative data. Lancet HIV 2023. pmid:36702151 PubMed 
  8. WHO, The Global Health Observatory: Hiv. Nettsiden besøkt 17.08.22. www.who.int 
  9. Farie NR, Rambaut A, Suchard MA. Hiv epidemiology. The early spread and epidemic ignition of hiv-1 in human populations. Science 2014; 346: 56. doi:25278604
  10. Bakken Kran A-M, Kvale D. Immunpatogenese og terapeutisk immunisering ved hivinfeksjon. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2006; 126: 3112-6. PubMed 
  11. Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  12. Benn P, Fisher M, Kulasegaram R. UK guidelines for the use of of post-exposure prophylaxis for hiv following sexual. Int J STD & AIDS 2011; 22: 695. pmid:22174049 PubMed 
  13. Volmink J. Mother to child transmission of hiv. Clin Evid 2001; 6: 588-95. PubMed 
  14. The Working Group on MTCT of hiv. Rates of mother-to-child transmission of hiv-1 in Africa, America and Europe: results of 13 perinatal studies. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1995; 8: 506-10. PubMed 
  15. Shapiro RL, Hughes MD, Ogwu A, et al. Antiretroviral regimens in pregnancy and breast-feeding in Botswana. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 2282-94. New England Journal of Medicine 
  16. The International Perinatal hiv Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 977-87 New England Journal of Medicine 
  17. Ioannidis JPA, Abrams EJ, Ammann A, Bulterys M, Goedert JJ, Gray L et al. Pernatal Transmission of Human immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Pregnant Women with RNA Loads < 1000 Copies/mL. JID 2001;183:539-45. PubMed 
  18. Perinatal hiv Guidelines Working Group Members. Public Health Service Task Force Recommendations for use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant hiv-1 infected women for maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal hiv-1 transmission in the United States. http://www.hivatis.org (4.2.2002).
  19. Cooper ER, Charurat M, Mofenson L, Hanson C, Pitt J, Diaz C et al. Combination antiretroviral strategies for the treatment of pregnant hiv-1-infected women and the prevention of perinatal hiv-1 transmission. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002; 29: 484 - 94. PubMed 
  20. British hiv Association. Guidelines for the management of hiv infection in pregnant women and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Hiv Medicine 2001; 2: 314 - 34. http://www.bhiva.org.
  21. Nduati R, John G et al. Effect of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding on Transmission of hiv-1. JAMA 2000; 283:1167-1174. Journal of the American Medical Association 
  22. Garmark VC, Holmedal SH, Rønsen TK, Bruun JN, Lindemann R, Løkvik BH. Hiv-smitte fra mor til barn. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2003; 123: 2029-32. PubMed 
  23. The European Mode of Delivery Collaboration: Elective caesarean-section versus vaginal delivery in prevention of vertical hiv-1 transmission: A randomized clinical trial. Lancet 1999, Mar 27;353:1035-9
  24. Folkehelseinstituttet
  25. Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  26. WHO
  27. Kassutto S, Rosenberg ES. Primary hiv type 1 infection. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38: 1447-53. PubMed 
  28. Ormaasen V, Mæland A. Tuberkulose hos hiv-smittede i Norge. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2001; 121: 3425-30. PubMed 
  29. Steinsvoll S, Brokstad Herlofson B. Orale manifestasjoner ved hiv-infeksjon. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2006; 126: 1218-21. PubMed 
  30. Hammer SM, Eron JJ, Reiss P, Schooley RT et al. Antiretroviral Treatment of Adult hiv Infection. 2008. Recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel. JAMA 2008; 300: 555-70. PubMed 
  31. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in hiv-1 infected adults and adolescents. Panel on clinical practices for treatment of hiv infection, mars 2012.
  32. British hiv Association guidelines 2015
  33. Patel K, Huo Y, Jao J et al. Dolutegravir in pregnancy as compared with current HIV regimens in the United States. N Engl J Med 2022 Sep 1; 387:799. PMID: 36053505 PubMed 
  34. Trøseid M, Eskesen A, Bruun JN. Immunrekonstitusjonssyndrom ved behandling av hivinfeksjon. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2009; 129: 2484-7. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 
  35. Weller SC, Davis-Beaty K. Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual hiv transmission. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD003255. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003255. DOI 
  36. Goulder PJ, Walker BD. hiv-1 superinfection -- a word of caution. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 756-8. New England Journal of Medicine 
  37. Siegfried N, van der Merwe L, Brocklehurst P, Sint TT. Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of hiv infection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD003510. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003510.pub3. DOI 
  38. Finlayson T, Cha S, Xia M, et al. Changes in HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Awareness and Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men — 20 Urban Areas, 2014 and 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019; 68: 597-603. pmid:31298662 PubMed 
  39. Folkehelseinstituttet. Hivinfeksjon/Aids - veileder for helsepersonell. Smittevernveilederen. Sist oppdatert 06.04.2019. Siden lest 02.02.2021 www.fhi.no 
  40. Gray GE, Bekker LG, Laher F, et al. Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent Subtype C gp120-MF59 in Adults. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 25;384(12):1089-1100. PMID: 33761206 PubMed 
  41. Morris A, Creasman J, Turner J, Luce JM, Wachter RM, Huang L. Intensive care of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 262-7. PubMed 
  42. Vincent B, Timsit JF, Auburtin M, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of hiv-infected patients in the ICU: impact of the highly active antiretroviral treatment era. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: 859-66. PubMed 
  43. Narasimhan M, Posner AJ, DePalo VA, Mayo PH, Rosen MJ. Intensive care in patients with hiv infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Chest 2004; 125: 1800-4. PubMed 
  44. Casalino E, Wolff M, Ravaud P, Choquet C, Bruneel F, Regnier B. Impact of HAART advent on admission patterns and survival in hiv-infected patients admitted to an intensive care unit. AIDS 2004; 18: 1429-33. PubMed 
  45. Bhaskaran K, Mussini C, Antinori A, et al.; CASCADE Collaboration. Changes in the incidence and predictors of human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Ann Neurol 2008; 63: 213-21. PubMed 
  46. Triant VA, Lee H, Hadigan C, Grinspoon SK. Increased acute myocardial infarction rates and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 2506-12. PubMed 
  47. Aberg JA, Kaplan JE, Libman H, et al. Primary care guidelines for the management of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: 2009 update by the hiv Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49: 651-81. PubMed 
  48. Brown TT, Moser C, Currier JS, et al. Changes in bone mineral density after initiation of antiretroviral treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine plus atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir, or raltegravir. J Infect Dis. 2015. PMID: 25948863 PubMed 
  49. Starup-Linde J, Rosendahl SB, Storgaard M, Langdahl B. Management of osteoporosis in patients living with HIV - a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acquir. Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 83: 1-8. pmid:31809356 PubMed 
  50. Chu C, Selwyn PA. Complications of hiv infection: a systems-based approach. Am Fam Physician 2011; 83: 395-406. American Family Physician 
  51. Mateo-Urdiales A, Johnson S, Smith R, et al. Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 17;6:CD012962. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012962.pub2. DOI