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Hematemese og melena

Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
  1. Wilkins T, Wheeler B, Carpenter M. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Adults: Evaluation and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(5):294-300. PubMed  
  2. Tielleman T, Bujanda D, Cryer B. Epidemiology and risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2015;25(3):415–428.
  3. Hawks MK, Svarverud JE. Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Evaluation and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(4):206-212. PubMed  
  4. Barkun AN, Bardou M, Kuipers EJ, et al. International Consensus Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Conference Group. International consensus recommendations on the management of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152: 101-13. Annals of Internal Medicine  
  5. Adler DG. Assessment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. BMJ Best Practice, last updated June 2018.
  6. Stanley AJ, Ashley D, Dalton HR, et al. Outpatient management of patients with low-risk upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage: multicentre validation and prospective evaluation. Lancet 2009; 373: 42-7. PubMed  
  7. Massó González EL, Patrignani P, Tacconelli S, García Rodríguez LA. Variability among nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62: 1592-1601. PubMed  
  8. Yuan Y, Tsoi K, Hunt RH. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of upper GI bleeding: confusion or confounding? Am J Med 2006; 119: 719-27. PubMed  
  9. Barkun AN, Bardou M, Kuipers EJ, et al. International consensus recommendations on the management of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152: 101-13. Annals of Internal Medicine  
  10. Hwang JH, Fisher DA, Ben-Menachem T, et al. The role of endoscopy in the management of acute non-variceal upper GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;75:1132-1138. PubMed  
  11. Palamidessi N, Sinert R, Falzon L, Zehtabchi S. Nasogastric aspiration and lavage in emergency department patients with hematochezia or melena without hematemesis. Acad Emerg Med 2010; 17: 126-32. PubMed  
  12. Winstead NS, Wilcox CM. Erythromycin prior to endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26: 1371-7. PubMed  
  13. Sreedharan A, Martin J, Leontiadis GI, et al. Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (7): CD005415. Cochrane (DOI)  
  14. Sung JJ, Barkun A, Kuipers EJ, et al.; Peptic Ulcer Bleed Study Group. Intravenous esomeprazole for prevention of recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150: 455-64. Annals of Internal Medicine  
  15. Villanueva C, Colomo A, Bosch A, et al. Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 11-21. New England Journal of Medicine  
  16. Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ, Grace ND, Carey W; Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2007; 46: 922-38. PubMed  
  17. Gralnek IM, Dumonceau JM, Kuipers EJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline. Endoscopy. 2015;47:a1-a46.
  18. Huang JQ, Sridhar S, Hunt RH. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic-ulcer disease: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2002; 359: 14-22. PubMed  
  • Terje Johannessen, professor i allmennmedisin, Trondheim

Tidligere fagmedarbeidere

  • Hermod Petersen, professor og overlege, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet og Medisinsk avdeling, Regionsykehuset i Trondheim
  • Jon Erik Grønbech, professor og overlege, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet og Kirurgisk avdeling, Regionsykehuset i Trondheim