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Gynekomasti hos menn

Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
  • Dickson G. Gynecomastia. Am Fam Physician 2012; 85: 716-22.
  1. Dickson G. Gynecomastia. Am Fam Physician 2012; 85: 716-22. American Family Physician  
  2. Braunstein GD. Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1229-37. New England Journal of Medicine  
  3. Durmaz E, Ozmert EN, Erkekoglu P, et al. Plasma phthalate levels in pubertal gynecomastia. Pediatrics 2010; 125: e122-e129.
  4. Den Hond E, Dhooge W, Bruckers L, et al. Internal exposures to pollutants and sexual maturation in Flemish adolescents. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2011; 21: 224-33. PubMed  
  5. Soliman AT, De Sanctis V, Yassin M. Management of Adolescent Gynecomastia: An Update. Acta Biomed. 2017;88(2):204-213. Published 2017 Aug 23. doi:10.23750/abm.v88i2.6665 DOI  
  6. Roke Y, van Harten PN, Boot AM, Buitelaar JK. Antipsychotic medication in children and adolescents: a descriptive review of the effects on prolactin level and associated side effects. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009; 19: 403-14. PubMed  
  7. Engbaek M, Hjerrild M, Hallas J, Jacobsen IA. The effect of low-dose spironolactone on resistant hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 2010; 4: 290-4. PubMed  
  8. McKenna C, Burch J, Suekarran S, et al. A systematic review and economic evaluation of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of aldosterone antagonists for postmyocardial infarction heart failure. Health Technol Assess 2010; 14: 1-162. PubMed  
  9. Basaria S. Androgen abuse in athletes: detection and consequences. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95: 1533-43. PubMed  
  10. Eckman A, Dobs A. Drug-induced gynecomastia. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2008; 7: 691-702. PubMed  
  11. Toorians AW, Boyee TF, De Rooy J, Stolker LA, Hoogenboom RL. Gynaecomastia linked to the intake of a herbal supplement fortified with diethylstillbestrol. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27: 917-25. PubMed  
  12. Messina M. Soybean isoflavone exposure does not have feminizing effects on men: a critical examination of the clinical evidence. Fertil Steril 2010; 93: 2095-2104. PubMed  
  13. Visootsak J, Graham JM Jr. Klinefelter syndrome and other sex chromosomal aneuploidies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2006; 1: 42. PubMed  
  14. Dundar B, Dundar N, Erci T, Bober E, Büyükgebiz A. Leptin levels in boys with pubertal gynecomastia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2005; 18: 929-34. PubMed  
  15. Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, et al. Testosterone therapy in adult men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:2536-2559. PubMed  
  16. Muñoz Carrasco R, Alvarez Benito M, Muñoz Gomariz E, Raya Povedano JL, Martínez Paredes M. Mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of male breast disease. Eur Radiol 2010; 20: 2797-2805. PubMed  
  17. Brinton LA, Carreon JD, Gierach GL, McGlynn KA, Gridley G. Etiologic factors for male breast cancer in the U.S. Veterans Affairs medical care system database. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 119: 185-92. PubMed  
  18. Hanavadi S, Banerjee D, Monypenny IJ, Mansel RE. The role of tamoxifen in the management of gynaecomastia. Breast 2006; 15: 276-80. PubMed  
  19. Ozen H, Akyol F, Toktas G, et al. Is prophylactic breast radiotherapy necessary in all patients with prostate cancer and gynecomastia and/or breast pain? J Urol 2010; 184: 519-24. PubMed  
  20. Paulsen JF., Berg JO., Kroman N. et al.. Gynækomasti. Ugeskr Læger 2018. ugeskriftet.dk  
  • Terje Johannessen, professor i allmennmedisin, Trondheim

Tidligere fagmedarbeidere

  • Svein Z. Bratland, spesialist i allmennmedisin, Sandviken Legesenter, Bergen, og seniorrådgiver i Statens helsetilsyn, Oslo
  • Per Inge Lundmo, førsteamanuensis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet og overlege, Kirurgisk klinikk, Urinveissykdommer, Regionsykehuset i Trondheim