Gravidmage

Graviditet og diabetes

Svangerskap og sykdom

Pasientinformasjon

Obstetrikk

Kliniske kapitler

Håndboken

Norsk Elektronisk Legehåndbok

Hva er diabetes ved graviditet?

Årsaker

Diagnosen

Komplikasjoner

Behandling

Prognosen

Vil du vite mer?

Svangerskapsdiabetes

--&gt; https://helsedirektoratet.no/retningslinjer/svangerskapsdiabetes

Helsedirektoratet. Nasjonal faglig retningslinje for svangerskapsdiabetes. Oslo 2018. Sist faglig oppdatert 26.02.2020. Siden besøkt 02.11.2022 

--&gt; http://statistikkbank.fhi.no/mfr/

Folkehelseinstituttet, Medisinsk fødselsregister. Diabetes hos mor. Folkehelseinstituttet 2021. Siden besøkt 24.10.2022 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=33546492[uid]

Behboudi-Gandevani S, Parajuli R, Vaismoradi M. A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in Norway. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 3;18(4):1423. PMID: 33546492 

Folkehelseinstituttet, Mors kroppsmasseindeks før svangerskapet. Medisinsk fødselsregister. Folkehelseinstituttet 2021. Siden besøkt 24.10.2022 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=30373146[uid]

Plows JF, Stanley JL, Baker PN et al. The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 26;19(11):3342. dPMID: 30373146 

Chawla A, Amundsen ÅL, Hanssen KF, Iversen PO. Svangerskapsdiabetes hos kvinner fra Sør-Asia. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2006; 126: 1041-3. 

--&gt; Glukosebelastning – analysering på pasientnært instrument https://www.noklus.no/media/dtzkf0sq/2021_08_12-glukosebelastning-analysering-p%C3%A5-pasientn%C3%A6rt-instrument_v-2-0.pdf

Glukosebelastning – analysering på pasientnært instrument Oral glukosetoleransetest (OGTT). NOKLUS 2021. Siden lest 13.10.22. 

--&gt; https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/retningslinjer/svangerskapsomsorgen

Helsedirektoratet. Nasjonal faglig retningslinje for svangerskapsomsorgen. Oslo, 2018 

--&gt; https://www.legeforeningen.no/foreningsledd/fagmed/norsk-gynekologisk-forening/veiledere/veileder-i-fodselshjelp/

Magnussen EB. et al. Adipositas i svangerskap og fødsel. Norsk gynekologisk forening Veileder i fødselshjelp (2020). ePub. ISBN 978-82-692382-0-4. [hentet 03. juni 2022]. 

Middleton P, Crowther CA, Simmonds L. Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 Aug 15; 8: CD008540. 

Hartling L, Dryden DM, Guthrie A, et al. Benefits and harms of treating gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the National Institutes of Health Office of Medical Applications of Research. . Ann Intern Med 2013 May 28 . doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-2-201307160-00661 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=25884746[uid]

Garrison A. Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Am Fam Phys 2015; 91: 460-7. pmid:25884746 

--&gt; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012327.pub2

Martis R, Crowther CA, Shepherd E, Alsweiler J, Downie MR, Brown J. Treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 8. Art. No.: CD012327. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012327.pub2 

Poolsup N, Suksomboon N,Amin M. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e92485. PMID: 24658089. 

Alwan N, Tuffnell DJ, West J. Treatments for gestational diabetes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD003395. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003395.pub2. 

--&gt; https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/publikationer2017/2017-5-31

Socialstyrelsen. Nationella riktlinjer för diabetesvård – Stöd för styrning och ledning. 2018. (Hämtad 2018-09-27) 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=29682291[uid]

Rowan JA, Rush EC, Plank LD, et al. Metformin in gestational diabetes: the offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition and metabolic outcomes at 7–9 years of age. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2018; 6: e000456. pmid:29682291 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=30508164[uid]

Landi SN, Radke S, Engel SM et al. Association of Long-term Child Growth and Developmental Outcomes With Metformin vs Insulin Treatment for Gestational Diabetes. JAMA Pediatr 2018. PMID: 30508164 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=29715355[uid]

Sénat M-V, Affres H, Letourneau A, et al. Effect of Glyburide vs Subcutaneous Insulin on Perinatal Complications Among Women With Gestational Diabetes A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2018; 319: 1773-80. pmid:29715355 

Balsells M, García-Patterson A, Solà I, et al. Glibenclamide, metfomin, and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2015; 350: h102. doi:10.1136/bmj.h102 

--&gt; http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/mainSearch?mode=startsearch&amp;Query1=Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus&amp;zones1=article-title&amp;opt1=AND&amp;Query2=&amp;zones2=article-title&amp;opt2=AND&amp;Query3=&amp;zones3=author&amp;opt3=AND&amp;Query4=&amp;zones4=abstract&amp;opt4=AND&amp;Query5=&amp;zones5=keywords&amp;products=all&amp;unitstatus=none&amp;FromYear=&amp;ToYear=&amp;x=22&amp;y=13

Tieu J, Shepherd E, Middleton P, Crowther CA. Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD006674. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006674.pub3. Accessed 03 November 2022. 

--&gt; http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/mainSearch?mode=startsearch&amp;Query1=Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus&amp;zones1=article-title&amp;opt1=AND&amp;Query2=&amp;zones2=article-title&amp;opt2=AND&amp;Query3=&amp;zones3=author&amp;opt3=AND&amp;Query4=&amp;zones4=abstract&amp;opt4=AND&amp;Query5=&amp;zones5=keywords&amp;products=all&amp;unitstatus=none&amp;FromYear=&amp;ToYear=&amp;x=22&amp;y=13

Shepherd E, Gomersall JC, Tieu J, Han S, Crowther CA, Middleton P. Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD010443. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010443.pub3. Accessed 03 November 2022. 

--&gt; https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1361

Vounzoulaki E, Khunti K, Abner SC, et al. Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 369: m1361. 

Koivusalo S, Rönö K, Klemetti M, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus can be prevented by lifestyle intervention: The Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL): A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2015. PMID: 26223239 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=27692850[uid]

Claesson R, Ignell C, Shaat N, et al. HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus. Prim Care Diabetes 2017; 11(1): 46-51. pmid:27692850 

Köhler M, Ziegler AG, Beyerlein A. Development of a simple tool to predict the risk of postpartum diabetes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetologica 2015. doi:10.1007/s00592-015-0814-0 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=27065426[uid]

Ignell C, Ekelund M, Anderberg E, et al. Model for individual prediction of diabetes up to 5 years after gestational diabetes mellitus. Springerplus 2016; 5: 318. pmid:27065426 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=19675195[uid]

Persson M, Norman M, Hanson U. Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in type 1 diabetic pregnancies: A large, population-based study. Diabetes Care 2009; 32(11): 2005-9. pmid:19675195 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=28647726[uid]

Farrar D, Simmonds M, Bryant M et al. Treatments for gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta.analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e015557. pmid:28647726 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=30012851[uid]

Feghali MN, Scifres CM. Novel therapies for diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. BMJ 2018; 362: k2034. pmid:30012851 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=28197657[uid]

Billionet C, Mitanchez D, Weill A et al. Gestational diabetes and adverse perinatal outcomes from 716,152 births in France in 2012. Diabetologia 2017; 60: 636-44. pmid:28197657 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=25496644[uid]

Lai FY, Johnson JA, Dover D, Kaul P. Outcomes of singleton and twin pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes and gestational diabetes: A population-based study in Alberta, Canada, 2005-11. J Diabetes 2016; 8: 45-55. pmid:25496644 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=30928459[uid]

Retnakaran R, Shah BR. Glucose screening in pregnancy and future risk of cardiovascular disease in women: a retrospective, population-based cohort study. Lancet Diabet Endocrinol 2019; 7: 378-84. pmid:30928459 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=36130782[uid]

Yang J, Qian F, Chavarro JE, et al. Modifiable risk factors and long term risk of type 2 diabetes among individuals with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2022; 378: 070312. pmid:36130782 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=29971428[uid]

Persson M, Shah PS, Rusconi F et al. Association of Maternal Diabetes With Neonatal Outcomes of Very Preterm and Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants: An International Cohort Study. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172: 867-75. pmid:29971428 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=36130740[uid]

Xie W, Wang Y, Xiao S, et al. Association of gestational diabetes mellitus with overall and type specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2022; 378: e070244. pmid:36130740 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=37695588[uid]

Wang Y-X, Mitsunami M, Manson JE, et al. Association of gestational diabetes with subsequent long-term risk of mortality. JAMA Intern Med 2023. pmid:37695588 

--&gt; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10805168

Eidem I, Vangen S, Hanssen KF, et al. Perinatal and infant mortality in term and preterm births among women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2011; 54: 2771-8. 

--&gt; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=PubMed&amp;term=36145247[uid]

Eletri L, Mitanchez D. How Do the Different Types of Maternal Diabetes during Pregnancy Influence Offspring Outcomes? Nutrients. 2022 Sep 19;14(18):3870. PMID: 36145247 