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Svangerskapskvalme (emesis og hyperemesis gravidarum)

Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
Definisjon:
Hyperemesis er vedvarende og betydelig kvalme, brekninger og oppkast som starter før 20. svangerskapsuke og fører til nedsatt allmenntilstand og metabolske forstyrrelser
Forekomst:
Angis å forekomme hos rundt 1-3% av alle gravide
Symptomer:
Kvalme, ofte ledsaget av oppkast og økt spyttsekresjon, gjerne gjennom hele døgnet
Funn:
Vekttap er vanlig, ev. dehydrering og elektrolyttforstyrrelser
Diagnostikk:
Kvalmeregistrering (SUKK-spørreskjema), vekt, Hb, EVF, elektrolytter, ketonuri i alvorlige tilfeller. Ev. TSH, FT4, leverfunksjonsprøver
Behandling:
Ved moderat svangerskapskvalme (SUKK-S skår 7-12) bør antiemetika tilbys. Ved alvorlige plager er det ofte behov for sykehusbehandling (rehydrering/ernæring)
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  • Jone Trovik, professor ved klinisk institutt Universitetet i Bergen, spesialist i fødselshjelp og kvinnesykdommer, overlege Kvinneklinikken, Haukeland Universitetssjukehus
  • Silje Folven Barlindhaug, spesialist allmennmedisin, redaktør NEL