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Optikusnevritt (ON)

Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
Definisjon:
Inflammatorisk demyelinisering av synsnerven. Ukjent årsak, men over halvparten vil utvikle MS etter 30–40 års observasjon
Forekomst:
Ca. 5 tilfeller pr 100.000 pr år. Tre av fire er kvinner. Opptrer som regel mellom 20 og 49 år
Symptomer:
En subakutt ensidig synsreduksjon som utvikler seg i løpet av timer til dager, smerter eller ubehag ved øyebevegelse, sviktende evne til å gjenkjenne farger (sideforskjell) er typisk. Synet kommer nesten alltid tilbake i løpet av noe tid
Funn:
Nedsatt visus og synsfelt. Ofte sentralt skotom, papillødem ved intrabulbær form, men ellers er det få patologiske funn
Diagnostikk:
Aktuelle tilleggsundersøkelser er MR og nevrologisk undersøkelse
Behandling:
Høydoserte kortikosteroider peroralt eller intravenøst. Plasmaferese, intravenøst immunglobulin (IVIG) og oppstart av sykdomsmodifiserende behandling vurderes individuelt
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  • Rune Midgard, dr. med., overlege, førsteamanuensis II emeritus, NTNU
  • Tor Andre Johannessen, redaktør NEL

Tidligere fagmedarbeidere

  • Toke Bek, prof., led. overlæge, dr. med, Øjenafdelingen, Århus Universitetshospital (Lægehåndbogen)
  • Knut A. Holtedahl, professor i allmennmedisin, Institutt for samfunnsmedisinske fag, Universitetet i Tromsø
  • Johan H. Seland, professor emeritus, Universitetet i Bergen