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Tvangslidelse, OCD

Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
Definisjon:
Tvangslidelse eller obsessiv-kompulsiv lidelse (OCD) kjennetegnes ved tilbakevende og påtrengende tvangstanker og/eller gjentatte tvangshandlinger som er tidkrevende eller forårsaker betydelig ubehag eller svekket fungeringsevne
Forekomst:
Livstidsprevalensen angis til 1-3%
Symptomer:
Tvangstanker eller obsesjoner er påtrengende og ubehagelige tanker, impulser eller bilder. Selv om pasienten opplever dette som irrasjonelt utløser det ubehag og trang til å utføre tvangshandlinger. Tvangshandlinger eller kompulsjoner er gjentatte fysiske eller mentale handlinger som utføres for å dempe ubehaget eller forhindre de fryktede hendelsene
Funn:
Klinisk undersøkelse er normal bortsett fra symptomene på tvangslidelse
Diagnostikk:
Tilleggsundersøkelser er vanligvis ikke påkrevd
Behandling:
Ubehandlet vil tilstanden typisk vedvare, men det finnes effektive psykologisk og farmakologiske behandlinger. Kognitiv atferdsterapi (KAT) med eksponering og responsprevensjon (ERP) er førstevalg. Oppstart av behandling er ofte sterkt forsinket
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  • Anders Lillevik Thorsen, psykolog og PhD, Haukeland universitetssykehus og Universitet i Bergen, Bergen
  • Marte Jürgensen, overlege og PhD, Haukeland universitetssykehus, Bergen
  • Bjarne Hansen, professor, psykologspesialist og PhD, Haukeland universitetssykehus og Universitet i Bergen, Bergen

Tidligere fagmedarbeidere

  • Olav Thorsen, spesialist allmennmedisin, Klubbgaten legesenter, Stavanger
  • K Gunnar Götestam, professor, Psykiatrisk institutt, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Trondheim