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Opiatabstinens

Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
Definisjon:
Opiatabstinens er symptomene som melder seg når vedvarende overstimulering av opiatreseptorer i hjernen reduseres eller opphører
Forekomst:
I Norge er det ca. 10.000 sprøytemisbrukere
Symptomer:
Abstinenssymptomer er rhinoré, tåreflod, magesmerter, diaré, brekninger, leggkramper, gåsehud, gjesping
Funn:
Tilstanden er ofte preget av angst og uro, ev. utvidete pupiller
Diagnostikk:
Blodprøver tas for å kartlegge den medisinske tilstanden
Behandling:
Abstinensbehandling med buprenorfin eller metadon
  • Nasjonal kompetansetjeneste for tverrfaglig spesialisert rusbehandling (TSB) - nettside 
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  3. Amundsen EJ. Narkotikautløste dødsfall i 2021. Folkehelseinstituttet, sist oppdatert 09.06.2022. www.fhi.no  
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  5. Amato L, Minozzi S, Davoli M, Vecchi S. Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments versus pharmacological treatments for opioid detoxification. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD005031. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005031.pub4. The Cochrane Library  
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  7. Gowing L, Ali R, White JM. Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 5. The Cochrane Library  
  8. Dunn KE, Tompkins A, Bigelow GE, et al. Efficacy of tramadol extended release for opioid withdrawal. A randomized clinial trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2017. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.1838 DOI  
  9. Gowing L, Ali R, White JM, Mbewe D. Buprenorphine for managing opioid withdrawal. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 2. The Cochrane Library  
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  11. Watts BV, Gottlieb DJ, Riblet NB, et al. Association of Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder With Suicide Mortality. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179: 298-304. pmid:35360916 PubMed  
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  13. Gowing L, Ali R, White JM. Opioid antagonists under heavy sedation or anaesthesia for opioid withdrawal. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD002022. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002022.pub3. DOI  
  14. National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence. NICE clinical guideline 52.. Drug misuse: opioid detoxification. National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence 2007.
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  16. Oesterle TS, Thusius NJ, Rummans TA, Gold MS. Medication-assisted treatment for opioid-use disorder. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94: 2072–86. PMID: 31543255 PubMed  
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  • Ingard Løge, spesialist allmennmedisin, redaktør NEL